A two-echelon vehicle routing problem involving electric vehicles with time windows

The Electric Two-echelon Vehicle Routing Problem

Two-echelon distribution systems are attractive from an economical standpoint and help keeping large vehicles out of densely populated city centers. Large trucks can be used to deliver goods to intermediate facilities in accessible locations, whereas smaller vehicles allow to reach the final customers. Due to their reduced size, pollution, and noise emissions, multiple distribution companies ar...

Competitive Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Stochastic Demands

The competitive vehicle routing problem is one of the important issues in transportation area. In this paper a new method for competitive VRP with time windows and stochastic demand is introduced. In the presented method a three time bounds are given and the probability of arrival time between each time bound is assumed to be uniform. The demands of each customer are different in each time wind...

Branch & Price Based Algorithms for the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

A goal programming model for vehicle routing problem with backhauls and soft time windows

The vehicle routing problem with backhauls (VRPB) as an extension of the classical vehicle routing prob-lem (VRP) attempts to define a set of routes which services both linehaul customers whom product are to be delivered and backhaul customers whom goods need to be collected. A primary objective for the problem usually is minimizing the total distribution cost. Most real-life problems have othe...

A multi-criteria vehicle routing problem with soft time windows by simulated annealing

This paper presents a multi-criteria vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW) to mini-mize fleet cost, routes cost, and violation of soft time windows penalty. In this case, the fleet is heterogene-ous. The VRPSTW consists of a number of constraints in which vehicles are allowed to serve customers out of the desirable time window by a penalty. It is assumed that this relaxation a...